Clever! Collaborative groups of environmental scientists create a museum exhibit and presentation for an energy-using activity such as heating a home or transportation. They must compare past to present use of energy for that particular...

An exceptionally creative approach is taken to assessing your biologists' grasp of natural selection concepts. They are to imagine hosting Charles Darwin for dinner and having, to their surpise, a few other noted scientists crash the...

Scientists noticed animals with backbones share similar bone structure despite having different forms, such as fins, arms, and wings. Young scientists gain an appreciation for evolution by understanding the history of the theory. They...

If your school has a photovoltaic system, you can use this lesson plan to guide learners through an investigation of the factors affecting performance. Familiarize yourself with the data acquisition system, and then provide data for your...

Auntie Litter is here to educate young scholars about water pollution and environmental stewardship! Although the 15-minute video clip is cheesy, it's an engaging look at the water cycle and conservation. Learners start by illustrating...

Are you wondering how on Earth you're going to teach prehistory to your class? Don't worry, you'll find everything you need to conduct a unit study on the Ice Age, human origins, and the evolution of human culture. Included is a list of...

Stdents create symmetrical designs by cutting folded paper in this cross-curricular lesson for the Math and Art classsroom. The lesson is adaptable for any grade or ability level.

Believe it or not the end of the year has arrived, which means it's time to wrap things up with this collection of activities. From creating personal yearbooks and packets of fun activities for the summer, to having a class field day,...

The Darwin PowerPoint covers many of the Scientists that worked on similar concepts to Darwin and that were involved with famous  theories.  students are informed about the basic thinking behind natural selection and examples...

In this social studies worksheet, students learn about the proper homes for different pets. Students match the pictures of the cat, bunny and fish to the appropriate home.

Eighth graders utilize Internet research skills, and practice their communication skills by presenting their research to the clas. They actively consider the types of hazards for humans associated with Natural Disaters and ways that...

Students read passages and study paintings to learn about the artist Giovanni Antonio Canal and his subject of Venice. In this art history lesson, students read about Canaletto and explore Venice through his paintings. Students then...

James Hutton laid the foundation for dispelling religious ideas about the Earth and thus created a theological and geological debate. Describes Hutton's novel views on heat energy in geology,and his classification as a "Plutonist" in...

This article focuses on the life and discoveries of James Hutton.

A brief description of James Hutton's philisophical stance and how he disputed the Neptunian philosophy and instead proposed the Plutonian theory.

An image of James Hutton.

James Hutton MD was a Scottish geologist, physician, naturalist, chemist and experimental farmer. He is considered the father of modern geology.

A portrait of Charles Hutton from the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology, made available through the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Identity Collection.

This site explains the historical development of James Hutton's principle of uniformitarianism. It contrasts nonscientific explanations with Hutton's ideas.

A scanned copy of the 1898 publication of A Boy I Knew by Laurence Hutton, a fiction book for children.

This site from ScienceWorld describes the Scottish geologist Charles Lyell who supported the ideas of the uniformitarian principle and aligned himself with James Hutton's ideas. He also supported and refuted some of the ideas of Charles...

Article describing early efforts, beginning with Aristotle, to determine the Earth's age, and the influence of current culture on the acceptability of new and radical scientific theories. Questions are posed throughout about the nature...

Eldridge Cleaver talks about his experience in a shootout with the police and his view of African Americans today.

Biographical and scientific information about discoveries and technological advances credited to ten Scots, Lord Kelvin (Kelvin scale), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone), James Watt (steam engine), and Alexander Fleming (penicillin),...