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A buffer solution contains a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid). The equilibrium between the weak acid and its conjugate base allows the solution to resist changes to pH when small amounts of strong acid or base are added. The buffer pH can be estimated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which is pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]). Watch this video for a demonstration. [14:54]
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