Detailed maps of the routes of Zebulon Pike in his various expeditions in the 1800s. Click on each map for a PDF view. Hyperlinks to additional information on the site.

A Spanish Franciscan and a French Jesuit report on the reciprocal relationship between natives and Catholic missionaries as Europeans settled New France and New Spain.

Vizcaya Bridge straddles the mouth of the Ibaizabal estuary, west of Bilbao. It was designed by the Basque architect Alberto de Palacio and completed in 1893. The 45-m-high bridge with its span of 160 m, merges 19th-century ironworking...

Cordoba's period of greatest glory began in the 8th century after the Moorish conquest, when some 300 mosques and innumerable palaces and public buildings were built to rival the splendours of Constantinople, Damascus and Baghdad. In the...

Ibiza provides an excellent example of the interaction between the marine and coastal ecosystems. The dense prairies of oceanic Posidonia (seagrass), an important endemic species found only in the Mediterranean basin, contain and support...

The monastic community founded by St Millan in the mid-6th century became a place of pilgrimage. A fine Romanesque church built in honour of the holy man still stands at the site of Suso. It was here that the first literature was...

Cartoon map of Spain.

Five documents representing the full range of Indian-European antagonisms, struggles for power, and outright warfare among the Spanish, Pueblo, Wampanoag, English, and French in New Spain, New France, New Mexico, and New England.

A map of North America and Central America showing territorial claims and possessions in 1800. The map is color-coded to show the territories of the United States, British, Spanish, French, and Russians, and indicates areas of disputed...

A map of central North America showing territorial claims at the beginning of the French and Indian War in 1755. The map shows the Oregon Country, the Spanish claims to New Spain and Florida, the French claims to Louisiana and Canada,...

The fortified town, first established in the 16th century to protect the Royal Route inland, reached its apogee in the 18th century when many of its outstanding religious and civic buildings were built in the style of the Mexican...

A map from 1872 of the United States used to illustrate the comparative area sizes of the states to other countries in the world. The map shows state and territory boundaries at the time (Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming,...

A map of Australia and the Australasian islands in 1882 showing the states and territories of Australia at the time, including De Witt Land and Tasman Land in Western Australia, Alexandra Land and North Australia, Queensland, South...

A map of the United States at the close of the American Revolutionary War showing the newly formed States, and their claims to the lands west of the Allegheny Mountains to the Mississippi River. The map shows the territories jointly...

General Edward Ferrero was born in Granada, Spain, January 18th, 1831. His parents were Italian, and he was brought to the United States when an infant. At the beginning of the war he was lieutenant colonel of the Eleventh New York...

A map of the United States in 1790 showing the territorial claims of the states at the time, and the British and Spanish possessions and territory disputes. The map shows the frontier lines or extent of settlement from the coast of Maine...

A map of North America, Central America, and northern South America at the end of the American Revolutionary War (1783). The map is color-coded to show the territory of the United States at the time, British possessions in Canada,...

A map of Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies showing the foreign territorial possessions and independent countries in the region in 1855. The map is color-coded to show the territorial and island possessions at the time of Spain...

A map of eastern North America in 1783 at the end of the American Revolutionary War, showing the territory of the newly formed United States as proposed by the Treaty of Paris, the Canadian border extending to the Ohio River proposed by...

A map skills exercise from 1872 showing the drawing of the United States with proportional measurements. The map shows state and territory boundaries at the time (Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Oklahoma, New Mexico,...