In this video Paul Andersen explains the importance of models and visual representations in an AP Biology class. Science practices are overarching skills and knowledge required to be successful in an AP Biology classroom. Models for...

Paul Andersen explains the two major portions of the molecular biology lab in AP Biology. He starts by discussing the process of transformation. He explains how you can use the pGLO plasmid to produce glowing E. coli bacteria. He then...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how scientific theories are created and modified over time. He starts by discussing the theory of natural selection as a model for the creation and modification of theories. He gives examples of...

Bacteria often get a bad rap, but they’re some of our best partners in science and medicine! In this episode, we’ll explore what bacteria are doing with their DNA — including how they can trade it around. We’ll learn about chromosomes...

Join the Amoeba Sisters as they take a brisk "stroll" through their biology playlist! This review video can refresh your memory of major concepts, help you identify what you need to re-study, and reinforce vocab. Expand these details for...

Everywhere you look on Earth, you’ll find wonderful and diverse living things, from tiny tardigrades to soaring sequoias. And incredibly, everything alive today, and everything that’s ever lived, is related. In this episode of Crash...

What is the domain Archaea? Explore the archaeans with the Amoeba Sisters! This introductory video compares and contrasts characteristics of Archaea with bacteria. Time-Stamped Table of Contents: 00:00 Intro 0:47 Extremophiles 1:00...

Explore gene expression with the Amoeba Sisters, including the fascinating Lac Operon found in bacteria! Learn how genes can be turned "on" and "off" and why this is essential for cellular function.

Paul Andersen explains how organisms regulate timing and control. Phototropism and Photoperiodism allow plants to respond to light throughout the day and year. Circadian rhythms are used in all organisms (including animals) as an...

Explore an intro to genetic engineering with The Amoeba Sisters. This video provides a general definition, introduces some biotechnology tools that can be used in genetic engineering, and discusses some related vocabulary (such as...

Paul Andersen describes mechanisms that increase the genetic variation within a population. He begins by discussing how horizontal transfer can move genetic material between bacteria. Transformation, transduction, and conjugation in...

Paul Andersen describes how cell communication is used in both single-celled and multicellular organisms. He starts by describing the symbiotic relationship between the bobtail squid and the bacteria Vibrio fisheri. He explains how...

Paul Andersen explains how genotypes can be expressed or not based on changes in the environment. He starts with a brief description of the Himalayan rabbit and how melanin production can be disrupted by high temperature. He explains...

Paul Andersen explains the differences between an r and a K selected species. He starts with a brief description of population growth noting the importance of; r or growth rate, N or number of individuals in the population, and K the...

Paul Andersen explains how eukaryotic cells were formed through a process of endosymbiosis. He describes how aerobic bacteria became mitochondria and cyanobacteria became chloroplasts. He mentions an example of symbiosis that occurs...

Paul Andersen explains how viruses reproduce using the lytic cycle. He also shows how viruses can pick up new genetic material and how retroviruses (like HIV) can enter into the lytic cycle. He also describes the lysogenic cycle and...

Yep, this is the poop episode. Getting resources and getting rid of waste is so important, we have three whole systems dedicated to it! In this episode, we’ll learn how the respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary system work,...

Join Pinky and Petunia in a cell types review game! This review game focuses on comparing cell characteristics of animals, plants, fungi, "protists," archaea, and bacteria. Clues may include prokaryote/eukaryote, autotroph/heterotroph,...

Paul Andersen explains how genes are regulated in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. He begins with a description of the lac and trp operon and how they are used by bacteria in both positive and negative response. He also explains the...

Paul Andersen explains how your body protects itself from invading viruses and bacteria. He starts by describing the nonspecific immune responses of skin and inflammation. He then explains how we use antibodies to disrupt the function...

Paul Andersen explains how cells are selectively permeable with the help of their cell membrane. The main constituents of the cell membrane, including cholesterol, glycolipids, glycoproteins, phospholipids, and proteins are included. ...

Paul Andersen describes how life could have formed on our planet through natural processes. The progression from monomers, to polymers, to protocells and finally to cells is described. The Miller-Urey experiment is described in detail...

Paul Andersen discusses the defining characteristics of the members of Domain Eukarya. He starts with a brief description of the phylogeny of life on earth. He then discusses the major characteristics of eukaryotic cells. He explains...

Curious about modes of nutrition? Join the Amoeba Sisters in learning about autotrophs and heterotrophs. Video explains these terms as well as how their carbon source differs. Photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and...