And thus begins the most revolutionary biology course in history. Come and learn about covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. What about electron orbitals, the octet rule, and what does it all have to do with a mad man named Gilbert...

After a polypeptide is produced in protein synthesis, it's not necessarily a functional protein yet! Explore protein folding that occurs within levels of protein structure with the Amoeba Sisters! Primary, secondary, tertiary, and...

Paul Andersen explains how biogeochemical cycling is used to move nutrients from the environment into living material and back again. He explains the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle and the phosphorus cycle. He also...

We’ve already learned a lot about electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) and benzene, but guess what? There’s even more to learn! In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry we’ll revisit our old friends the Friedel-Crafts...

Paul Andersen describes the four major biological molecules found in living things. He begins with a brief discussion of polymerization. Dehydration synthesis is used to connect monomers into polymers and hydrolysis breaks them down...

Paul Andersen explains how polymers are formed from monomers. He describes how carbohydrates, protein and nucleic acids are created through condensation reactions. He also explains how these macromolecules are broken down through the...

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic instructions for an organism's growth, development, and reproduction, encoded by sequences of four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). These bases form...

In this video, we explore what peptide bonds are, their crucial role in protein synthesis, and the fascinating process of their formation. Understand where peptide bonds are found in nature and their significance in biology and...

What is an amino acid? Learn about the structure, classification, types and functions of amino acids in this fun video.

There are 4 main types of carbon-based molecules important to life. They are the building blocks for every living organism on this planet. In this video, I will give you a quick introduction to each type with some fun examples.

This video covers:

- Examples of polymers that occur naturally, inclu
ding:
- Polypeptides, which are made of a
mino acids
- DNA, which is made
of nucleotides
- Carbohydrates, which
are made of sugars
-...

Creatine Physiology, Biosynthesis, and Organic Mechanism (Part 1) Gly Amidinotransferase; GANMT

Anaplerotic Reactions

In this video, we explore the biosynthetic pathway for cocaine, as it occurs in the leaves of the Coca plant.

Lesson on the malate-aspartate shuttle explaining the purpose and mechanism of the shuttle. The malate aspartate shuttle is important for transporting NADH, produced from glycolysis, into the mitochondria for ATP production from the...

Need some organic chemistry practice? Here's a tricky synthesis to try!

It explains the process and conventions followed for naming amine compounds, highlighting common names and IUPAC names.

Lesson on the Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Metabolism Pathway: Overview of BCAA Catabolism, Breakdown Products, Enzymes and Regulation.



Hey everyone, in this lesson you will learn about the metabolism of BCAAs (Valine,...

It explains symbiotic association and fixation of nitrogen by free nitrogen fixers. It lists examples of bacteria and cynobacteria involved. It also describes events during nodule formation and activity of nitrogenase enzyme.

Lesson on the glucose-alanine cycle (Cahill cycle), how nitrogenous waste is produced in the muscle, how the skeletal muscle “stores” nitrogen in the form of alanine, and how alanine is transported and processed in a liver...

Lesson on the urea cycle, how it functions, how it removes nitrogenous waste such as ammonia/ammonium and what regulates the urea cycle.



In this lesson you w

ill learn:

Wha
t is the urea cycle?
Reg
ulation of...

It's time to start learning about all the monomers that make up large biomolecules, and the first one we will look at is the amino acid. These make up proteins, which is most of what you are, so this is pretty important stuff!

Lesson on Liver Enzymes, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) vs Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), “Transaminitis”, and Causes of Elevations. One is more specific to the liver than the other, and one has a shorter half life than the other,...

We know how to do elimination reactions when something like a halogen is the leaving group. But we can we do this kind of chemistry to eliminate an amino group? We can! We have to do something called exhaustive methylation, and once you...