Photosynthesis is a powerful process that is responsible for some of life’s most vital functions. In fact, consumers like us rely on photosynthetic producers to harness energy from the sun so that we can survive and thrive. In this...

Around 10,000 years ago, somewhere in Africa, a microscopic parasite made a huge leap. With a little help from a mosquito, it left its animal host - probably a gorilla - and found its way to a new host: us.

We need to eat food to fuel our bodies, but this special slug, called emerald elysia, can make food using sunlight - just like plants do!



All organisms have external parts. Different animals use their body parts in...

What if I told you that, more than two billion years ago, some tiny living thing started to live inside another living thing .... and never left? And now, the descendants of both of those things are in you?

The species of slug known as Elysia chlorotica may not look like much— it resembles a bright green leaf— but it's one of the most extraordinary creatures on our planet. Living in marshes along the coast of North America, it can go about...

Paul Andersen discusses the defining characteristics of the members of Domain Eukarya. He starts with a brief description of the phylogeny of life on earth. He then discusses the major characteristics of eukaryotic cells. He explains...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the chloroplast in plants harnesses power from the Sun to form high energy molecules like glucose. The structure of a chloroplast as well as a brief discussion of the light reaction and Calvin...

Paul Andersen explains how eukaryotic cells were formed through a process of endosymbiosis. He describes how aerobic bacteria became mitochondria and cyanobacteria became chloroplasts. He mentions an example of symbiosis that occurs...

Imagine you swallowed a small bird and suddenly gained the ability to fly - or you ate a cobra and were able to spit poisonous venom! Well, throughout the history of life (and specifically during the evolution of complex eukaryotic...

Hank introduces us to one of the most diverse and important families in the tree of life - the vascular plants. These plants have found tremendous success and the their secret is also their defining trait: conductive tissues that can...

Hank describes why plants are so freaking amazing - discussing their evolution, and how their cells are both similar to & different from animal cells.

There are many creatures on the internet that do not actually exist, even though we would like them to. Like, would you believe there is an animal that can photosynthesize, decapitate itself, and is incredibly cute? They are the...

This video describes the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Organisms whose cells contain complex membrane-bound structures, called organelles.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual...

A chemical reaction caused by the absorption of light.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary...

Why are leaves commonly flat, spongy and strikingly green? Discover the different parts of a leaf and their function. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. A leaf is made of many layers sandwiched between tough outer layers. Gases enter...

Journey into the chloroplast, where photosynthesis takes place, to learn how plants convert sunlight into usable chemical energy - one of the most vital processes on Earth. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. Leaves are small...

Every living thing on our planet, from plants to animals, is made up of cells. Cells are the building blocks of life, but what are they and how do they work? Biology - Cells And DNA - Learning Points. All cells have vital genetic...

We compare plant cells and animal cells under a microscope to see how they differ. Cheek cells are dyed with methylene blue to make the observations possible. Biology - Cells And DNA - Learning Points. Almost all cells are invisible to...

Learn all about the parts of a plant.
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Life processes - Green plants - Pa
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Learning Points
Leaves use water, carbon dioxide and su
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light to carry out...

Are flowers male or female? The answer is, they're both!
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Life processes - Green plants - Reproduction in fl
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Learning Points
All flowers have both m
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le and female...

Explore the unique features of plant cells compared to animal cells. Learn about the specialized structures such as vacuoles, cell walls, and chloroplasts that distinguish plant cells. Understand how these features contribute to the...

Dr. Forrester teaches about photosynthesis and the functions of a plant’s stem.

Photosynthesis. What is it? How does it work? Why do plants do it? What is all that glucose used for?